Good experiences from reuse of municipal wastewater, sludge and diverted human urine in willow biomass plantations results from a 4-year multidisciplinary field project in Sweden, France, Northern Ireland and Greece

Abstract

This article is based on the report "Short-rotation Willow Biomass Plantations Irrigated
and Fertilised with Wastewaters" (I) and summarises results and experiences gathered
from field trials with recycling of pre-treated wastewater and diverted human urine mixed
with water within plantations of willow species specifically selected for biomass
production, Experimental sites were established in Sweden (Roma), France (Orchies),
Northern Ireland (Culmore) and Greece (Larissa). Denmark was represented in the
project by A & B BACKLUND ApS with Ame Backlund as a member of the
Management Committee and as a project manager of the field trials with diverted human
urine in Sweden. The research project was carried out as a co-operation between
universities, institutions and private consultants from five countries during a 4-year
period with financial support from the EU FAIR Programme and national funding.