Studying the properties of constructed wetland sediments for their possible application as fertilizers

Yuriy  Vergeles; Nataliya  Butenko; Andriy  Ishchenko; Lidiya  Svirenko; Felix  Stolberg; William  Hogland

doi:10.15626/Eco-Tech.2007.015

Downloads

pdf

Authors

Yuriy Vergeles National Academy of Municipal Economy, Ukraine
Nataliya Butenko National Academy of Municipal Economy, Ukraine
Andriy Ishchenko National Academy of Municipal Economy, Ukraine
Lidiya Svirenko National Academy of Municipal Economy, Ukraine
Felix Stolberg National Academy of Municipal Economy, Ukraine
William Hogland University of Kalmar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15626/Eco-Tech.2007.015

Keywords:

Sediments; TOC; Nutrients; Constructed wetlands; Ukraine.

Abstract

The processes of sediment formation and their biogeochemical properties were studied in
2005-2007 at the experimental constructed wetland site ("Bioplato") designed for treatment of
domestic effluents in Ukraine, nearby the city of Kharkiv. The constructed wetland consists of
three units: one with vertical filtration applying fine gravel (0.5 m in depth) and coarse sand
(0.3 111) as filtering media, one with horizontal filtration applying middle sand (0,8 m) as a
filtering medium, and one surface flow unit with natural wetland soil applied, The site also
includes a septic tank and a small sludge-drying field. The constructed wetland with a
capacity of 50 1113 of treated domestic wastewater per day was established in 1998 and since
then it has been operated continuously until now. Macrophytes were planted in I 998-200 I,
and recently the reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia), and a number of sedge
species (Carex Jpp.) dominate over the rest of ca. 30 plant species with average cover of 85-
90%. Treatment efficiency of 90-95% of BOD5 and suspended solids removal, as well as 98-
99% of removal of pathogenic microorganisms allows discharging the treated wastewater into
adjacent artificial lake, Sludge was sampled at each unit followed with standard laboratory
analyses of its main characteristics: total organic carbon (TOC), total nutrients (N, P),
contents of trace elements, abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, and general toxicity.
The results of analyses confirmed that the top layer of sludge from each unit of the assessed
constructed wetland site could be used as a source of fertilizers for grain and leguminous
crops.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Akratos Ch. S,, Tsihrintzis V. A,, 2007, Effect of temperature, HRT, vegetation and porous media on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Ecol. Engin., 29(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.06.013

Alvarez J. A., Becares E., 2006. Seasonal decomposition of Typha latifolia in a freewater surface constructed wetland. Ecol. Engin., 28(4), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.001

Braskerud 8, C, 2002, Factors affecting nitrogen retention in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural non-point source pollution. Ecol. Engin., 18(3), 351 -370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00099-4

Braskerud B. C, 2002. Factors affecting phosphorus retention in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural non-point source pollution, Ecol. Engin., 19(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00014-9

Brix H, 1994. Constructed wetlands for municipal waster water treatment in Europe. In: Global Wetlands: Old World and New /Mitsch W.J., ed. Elsevier Science B.V., Dorderecht, pp, 325-333.

GschloBI T., Stuibe H., 2000, Reed bed systems: Design, performance and maintainability. Wat. Sci. Tech., 41 (1), 73-76. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0013

Hafner S. D., Jewell W. J., 2006. Predicting nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wetlands due to detritus accumulation: A simple mechanistic modeL Ecol. Engin., 27(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.09.014

Havens K. J., Yarnell L. M., Watts 8, D., 2002, Maturation of a constructed tidal marsh relative to two natural reference tidal marshes over 12 years. Ecol, Engin,, 18(3 ), 305- 315, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00089-1

International Standard ISO 5667-1 3: 1 994 ( E), 1 994, 2nd ed, - Water quality, - Sampling, - Part 1 3: Guidance on the sampling of sewage, waterworks and related sludges. International Standard Organisation, Geneve.

International Standard ISO 5667-3: 1994 ( E), 1994. 2nd ed. - Water quality. - Sampling, - Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples, International Standard Organisation, Geneve,

International Standard ISO 5667-8: 1 994 ( E), 1994. 2nd ed. - Water quality, - Sampling. - Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition, International Standard Organisation, Geneve,

Kadlec R. H,, 2006. Free surface wetlands for phosphorus removal: The position of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project. Ecol. Engin., 27(4), 361 -379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.019

Krupski N. K., Polupan N. L. eds., 1 979. Atlas pochv Ukrainskoy SSR ( Soil Atlas of the Ukrainian SSR), Urozhay PubL, Kiev (in Russian)

Kvamstrom E. M., Morel Ch. A. L., Krogstad T., 2004. Plant-availability of phosphorus in filter substrates derived from small-scale wastewater treatment system. Ecol. Engin .. 22(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2003.12.005

Li W., Recknagel F., 2006. Balancing phosphorus adsorption and consumption processes in experimental treatment ponds for agricultural drainage water. Ecol. Engin., 28( 1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.10.016

Maine M. A., Suiie N., Hadad H., Sanchez G., Bonetto C., 2006. Nutrient and metal removal in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment from metallurgic industry. Ecol. Engin., 26(4), 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.004

Nguyen L., Sukias J., 2002. Phosphorus fractions and retention in drainage ditch sediments receiving surface runoff and subsurface drainage from agricultural catchments in the North Island, New Zealand. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 92 (1), 49-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00284-5

Sakadevan K., Savor H. J., 1999. Nutrient removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands and sustainable water management. Wat. Sci. Tech., 40( 2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00478-3

Scholz M., Xu J., 2002. Comparison of constructed reed beds with different filter media and macrophytes treating urban stream water contaminated with lead and copper. Ecol. Engin., 18(3), 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00100-8

State Standard GOST 17.4.3.04-85, I 985. Okhrana prirody. Pochvy. Obshchiye trebovaniya k kontrolyu i okhrane ot zagryazneniya. ( Environmental protection. Soils. General requirements on the control and protection against pollution). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian).

State Standard GOST 262 I 3-9 I, 1991. Pochvy. Metody opredeleniya organicheskogo veshchestva. (Soils. Methods of measurements of organic matter's contents). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian).

State Standard GOST 26714-85, 1985. Udobreniya organicheskiye. Metody opredeleniya zoly. (Organic fertilizers. Methods of measurements of ash). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian).

State Standard GOST 26715-85, 1985. Udobreniya organicheskiye. Metody opredeleniya obshchego azota. (Organic fertilizers. Methods of measurements of total nitrogen). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian)

State Standard GOST 26717-85, 1985. Udobreniya organicheskiye. Metody opredeleniya obshchego fosfora. (Organic fertilizers. Methods of measurements of total phosphorus). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian).

State Standard GOST R 17.4.3.07- 200 I, 200 I. Okhrana prirody. Pochvy. Trebovaniya k svoystvam osadkov stochnykh vod pri ispol'zovanii ikh v kachestve udobreniy. ( Environmental protection. Soils. Requirements on the properties of sewage sludge for their application as fertilizers). State Standardization and Metrology Committee, Moscow (in Russian).

Steer D., Fraser L., Boddy J., Seiberth B., 2002. Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent. Ecol. Engin., 18(4), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00104-5

Stolberg, F. V., Vergeles, Yu. I., Ladyzhenski, V. N., lhme, R., Sevola P., Wallsten, M., and Pieterse, A., 1999. Implementation of artificial wetland technology for wastewater purification in the Ukraine: Preliminary results of a pilot project and perspectives for wide scale application. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference "Managing the Wastewater Resource: Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment" /8. Kl0ve, C. Etnier, P. Jenssen and T. Mxhlum, eds. The Agricultural University of Norway, As, pp. 111/1-111/6.

Suliman F., French H . K., Haugen L, E., Sovik A, K., 2006. Change in flow and transport patterns in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands as a result of biological growth, Ecol, Engin., 27(2), 124-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.007

Söderqvist T., 2002. Constructed wetlands as nitrogen sinks in southern Sweden : An empirical analysis of cost determinants. Ecol, Engin., 19(2), 161-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00039-3

Vandaele S., Thoeye C., Yan Eygen B., De Gueldre G,, 2000. Reed bed systems: design, performance and maintainability. Wat. Sci, Tech.e, 41 (1), 57-63,

Wang H,, Jawitz J, W,, White J, R,, Martinez CH, J,, Sees M, D,, 2006, Rejuvenating the largest municipal treatment wetland in Florida, Ecol. Engine, 26(2), 132-146,

Werker A. G., Dougherty J. M., McHenry J. L, Van Loon W. A., 2002. Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates. Ecol. Engin.e, 19(1), 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00016-2

Vymazal J,, 2002, The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 years experience. Ecol, Engin. , 18(5), 633-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00025-3

Yoo J.-H., Ro H.-M., Choi W,-J,, Yoo S,-H,, Han H .-K,, 2006, Phosphorus adsorption and removal by sediments of a constructed marsh in Korea, Ecol, Engin., 27(2), 109-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.001